Essential reading

Natalia Beketova: The Girl Who Spoke 120 Languages

Natalia Beketova, a young woman from Anapa on Russia’s Black Sea coast, fainted during a school maths lesson and woke up speaking languages she had never studied. She went on to describe more than a hundred and twenty past lives, one for each language. In 2003 her story ran in the Russian newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda; … Read more

Women Who Founded Religions: Mary Baker Eddy, Ellen White, Nakayama Miki and Others

Several living religions were founded or led from the start by women. Mary Baker Eddy founded Christian Science, Ellen G. White co-founded the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Aimee Semple McPherson founded the Foursquare Church, Ann Lee led the first Shakers, and the Japanese farmer’s wife Nakayama Miki founded Tenrikyo. Helena Blavatsky co-founded the Theosophical Society, and … Read more

Women in Religion: Patriarchy, Prophetesses and Spiritual Leaders

Women have led religious life since the earliest written records — as priestesses, prophets, judges, saints, teachers and founders of whole faiths. Yet in most of the world’s large religions the highest offices — the altar, the pulpit, the religious court — were for centuries reserved for men. This guide shows both sides: where and … Read more

Women in Buddhism: Bhikkhunis, Female Lamas and Tara

Can a woman become a fully ordained Buddhist nun, a lama, even a Buddha? In Buddhism the answer has changed over 2,500 years — and it is still changing. The order of nuns, the bhikkhunis, began with the Buddha’s own foster-mother; in Tibet a line of female reincarnate lamas has continued since the fifteenth century; … Read more

Pope Joan: Was There Ever a Female Pope?

Pope Joan is a medieval legend about a woman who disguised herself as a man, rose to become pope in the ninth century and was exposed when she gave birth during a procession in Rome. Historians agree she never existed: there is no gap in the list of popes where she could fit. Yet for … Read more

Helena Blavatsky, Theosophy and Reincarnation

Helena Blavatsky (1831–1891) was the Russian-born co-founder of the Theosophical Society and one of the people most responsible for bringing the words karma and reincarnation into everyday Western speech. Her view of rebirth changed over time: in Isis Unveiled (1877) she called reincarnation on Earth “an exception”, but in The Secret Doctrine (1888) and The … Read more